{ "id": 2051, "date": "2023-10-19T05:30:43", "date_gmt": "2023-10-19T05:30:43", "guid": { "rendered": "https:\/\/dash.co.id\/?p=2051" }, "modified": "2024-09-25T04:46:59", "modified_gmt": "2024-09-25T04:46:59", "slug": "civil-law-concepts-on-bonds-and-its-several-types", "status": "publish", "type": "post", "link": "https:\/\/dash.co.id\/en\/civil-law-concepts-on-bonds-and-its-several-types\/", "title": { "rendered": "Civil Law Concepts on Bonds and Its Several Types" }, "content": { "rendered": "
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Civil Law Concepts on Bonds and Its Several Types<\/span><\/h4>
Generally, Bonds can be apprehended as transferable medium-term or long-term debt securities which contain a promise from the Bond issuer (Debtor) to pay compensation in the form of interest within a certain period and repay the principal debt at a predetermined time to the Bond buyer (Creditor\/Investors) (Bursa Efek Indonesia, 2010).<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Definition of Bonds can be seen in Black\u2019s Law Dictionary 6<\/span>th<\/span> Edition (1990: 178) as follow:<\/span><\/p>

\u201c<\/span>A certificate or evidence of a debt on which the issuing company or governmental body promises to pay to bondholders a specified amount of interest for a specified length of time, and to repay the loan on the expiration date.\u00a0 A long term debt instrument that promises to pay the lender a series of periodic interest payments in addition to returning the principal at maturity. In every case a bond represent debt \u2015 its holder is a creditor of the corporation and not a part owner as is the shareholder. Commonly, bonds are secured by a mortgage.<\/span><\/i>\u201d<\/span><\/p>

The basic legal concept which is used concerning Bonds in Indonesia is an agreement, that is a promise from the issuer to the Bonds buyer to return the amount of money that has been spent by the Bonds buyer within a certain time and added with compensation in the form of interest, with the payment method determined at the beginning of the agreement.<\/span><\/p>

The concept referred above is regulated in the provisions of Article 1268 of the Civil Code as follows:<\/span><\/p>

“For what must be paid at the determined time cannot be collected before that time arrives; but for what has been paid before that time cannot be returned.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>

From that basic concept, Bonds\u2019 terms and conditions have developed along with business development, which makes Bonds be classified into several types<\/span><\/p>

Bonds can be distinguished in terms of the issuer, interest, option right, collateral, principal value, and yield (Bursa Efek Indonesia, 2010).. In terms of issuer, Bonds can be differentiated into 3 (three), which are:<\/span><\/p>

  1. Government bonds is a bond issued by the government of a particular country to fund governmental necessites, which have been determined in an annual state budget.<\/span><\/li>
  2. Company bonds is a bond issued by a business entity in order to fund the company’s business needs.<\/span><\/li>
  3. Municipal bonds is a bond issued by a municipality of a country in order to fund its need to build its region.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>

    Based on interest payment system, bonds can be divided into:<\/span><\/p>

    1. Coupon Bonds is a bond with coupon which can given periodically in accordance with provision provided by the issuer.<\/span><\/li>
    2. Fixed Coupon Bonds is a bond with fixed interest rate which is paid periodically.<\/span><\/li>
    3. Floating Coupon Bonds is a bond whose interest rate determined according to a certain benchmark, for instance the average interest rate on government bank deposits.<\/span><\/li>
    4. Zero Coupon Bonds is a bond issued with no periodic interest payment, instead the interest payment is paid all at once at maturity.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>

      Based on exchange\/option rights, bonds can be divided into:<\/span><\/p>

      1. Convertible Bonds, a bond which gives the right for the holder to convert bonds into shares if at maturity, the bond issuer cannot return the principal value of the bond. <\/span><\/li>
      2. Exchangeable Bonds, a bond which gives the right to the holder to exchange issuer company\u2019s share into some of the issuer affiliated company\u2019s shares.<\/span><\/li>
      3. callable Bonds, a bond which gives the issuer the right to buy back the bond at a certain price throughout the term of the bond.<\/span><\/li>
      4. Putable Bonds, a bond which gives investors the right to require the issuer to buy back the bond at a certain price throughout the term of the bond.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>

        Based on the collateral, bonds can be divided into:<\/span><\/p>

        1. Secured Bonds, a bond which is secured by the issuer with certain asset or other collateral given by third party. Secured Bonds can also be divided into 3 (three) types, which are:<\/span>
          1. Guaranteed Bonds, a bond whose payment of interest and principal are secured by a guarantee from a third party.<\/span><\/li>
          2. Mortgage Bonds, a bond whose payment of interest and principal are secured with mortgage collateral for property or fixed assets.<\/span><\/li>
          3. Collateral Trust Bonds, a bond secured with<\/span><\/i> securities owned by the issuer in its portfolio, for example shares in subsidiaries it owns.<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ol><\/li>
          4. Unsecured Bonds, a bond which is not secured with any particular asset and only secured with issuer\u2019s wealth in general.<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ol>

            Based on the principal value, bonds can be divided into:<\/span><\/p>

            1. Conventional Bonds, a bond which is usually traded in one nominal amount, for example IDR 1 billion per lot.<\/span><\/li>
            2. Retail Bonds, a bond which is traded in small nominal amount, both for corporate bonds and government bonds.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>

              Based on the yield, bonds can be divided into:<\/span><\/p>

              1. Conventional Bonds, a bond which uses interest coupon calculation system by percentage.<\/span><\/li>
              2. Shari\u2019a Bonds, a bond which uses profit sharing system, which consists of:<\/span><\/i>
                1. Mudharabah Shari\u2019a Bonds, a sharia bond which uses profit sharing agreement (akad) based on the income received by the issuer.<\/span><\/li>
                2. Ijarah Shari\u2019a Bonds, a sharia\u2019a bond which uses rental contract, so that the yield is fixed and can be calculated in advance when the bond is issued<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>

                  For investors, bond has unique characteristics which distinguish it from other investment products, those characteristics are:<\/span><\/p>

                  1. Principal value which is stated in the bond, which must be returned by the issuer to the bond holder at maturity.<\/span><\/li>
                  2. Yield, an interest received by bonds\u2019 holder which usually given periodically as an added value to their investment in the bond.<\/span><\/li>
                  3. Maturity, a date when concerned bond ends and issuer must pay principal value of the bond to the holder.<\/span><\/li>
                  4. Issuer, the party who needs fund by issuing bonds, which in this case can be the government, company or local government.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>

                    Issuance of the bonds can be beneficial to the issuer, the benefits, among other, are:<\/span><\/p>

                    1. Obtain relatively large funds which can be received at once in a relatively fast time;<\/span><\/li>
                    2. The principal repayment period is long;<\/span><\/li>
                    3. Facilitate the issuer’s business activities, especially for its business development.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>

                      Debt arising from bond issuance tends to be more controllable by the issuer.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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                      Civil Law Concepts on Bonds and Its Several Types Generally, Bonds can be apprehended as transferable medium-term or long-term debt securities which contain a promise from the Bond issuer (Debtor) to pay compensation in the form of interest within a certain period and repay the principal debt at a predetermined time to the Bond buyer […]<\/p>", "protected": false }, "author": 8, "featured_media": 3619, "comment_status": "closed", "ping_status": "open", "sticky": false, "template": "", "format": "standard", "meta": { "inline_featured_image": false, "footnotes": "" }, "categories": [ 252 ], "tags": [], "class_list": [ "post-2051", "post", "type-post", "status-publish", "format-standard", "has-post-thumbnail", "hentry", "category-articles" ], "yoast_head": "\nCivil Law Concepts on Bonds and Its Several Types - Dash Advocates<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dash.co.id\/en\/civil-law-concepts-on-bonds-and-its-several-types\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Civil Law Concepts on Bonds and Its Several Types - Dash Advocates\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Civil Law Concepts on Bonds and Its Several Types Generally, Bonds can be apprehended as transferable medium-term or long-term debt securities which contain a promise from the Bond issuer (Debtor) to pay compensation in the form of interest within a certain period and repay the principal debt at a predetermined time to the Bond buyer […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dash.co.id\/en\/civil-law-concepts-on-bonds-and-its-several-types\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dash Advocates\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-10-19T05:30:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-25T04:46:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dash.co.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Screenshot-2024-05-07-212645-1024x763.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"763\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"M. 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